Compute exact cross-validation for problematic observations

Compute exact cross-validation for problematic observations for which approximate leave-one-out cross-validation may return incorrect results. Models for problematic observations can be run in parallel using the future package.

# S3 method for class 'brmsfit'
reloo(
  x,
  loo = NULL,
  k_threshold = 0.7,
  newdata = NULL,
  resp = NULL,
  check = TRUE,
  recompile = NULL,
  future_args = list(),
  ...
)

# S3 method for class 'loo'
reloo(x, fit, ...)

reloo(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An R object of class brmsfit or loo depending on the method.

loo

An R object of class loo. If NULL, brms will try to extract a precomputed loo object from the fitted model, added there via add_criterion.

k_threshold

The threshold at which Pareto \(k\) estimates are treated as problematic. Defaults to 0.7. See pareto_k_ids for more details.

newdata

An optional data.frame for which to evaluate predictions. If NULL (default), the original data of the model is used. NA values within factors (excluding grouping variables) are interpreted as if all dummy variables of this factor are zero. This allows, for instance, to make predictions of the grand mean when using sum coding. NA values within grouping variables are treated as a new level.

resp

Optional names of response variables. If specified, predictions are performed only for the specified response variables.

check

Logical; If TRUE (the default), some checks check are performed if the loo object was generated from the brmsfit object passed to argument fit.

recompile

Logical, indicating whether the Stan model should be recompiled. This may be necessary if you are running reloo on another machine than the one used to fit the model.

future_args

A list of further arguments passed to future for additional control over parallel execution if activated.

...

Further arguments passed to update.brmsfit and log_lik.brmsfit.

fit

An R object of class brmsfit.

Value

An object of the class loo.

Details

Warnings about Pareto \(k\) estimates indicate observations for which the approximation to LOO is problematic (this is described in detail in Vehtari, Gelman, and Gabry (2017) and the loo package documentation). If there are \(J\) observations with \(k\) estimates above k_threshold, then reloo will refit the original model \(J\) times, each time leaving out one of the \(J\) problematic observations. The pointwise contributions of these observations to the total ELPD are then computed directly and substituted for the previous estimates from these \(J\) observations that are stored in the original loo object.

See also

loo, kfold

Examples

if (FALSE) { # \dontrun{
fit1 <- brm(count ~ zAge + zBase * Trt + (1|patient),
            data = epilepsy, family = poisson())

# throws warning about some pareto k estimates being too high
(loo1 <- loo(fit1))

# no more warnings after reloo
(reloo1 <- reloo(fit1, loo = loo1, chains = 1))
} # }