Tidy summarizes information about the components of a model. A model component might be a single term in a regression, a single hypothesis, a cluster, or a class. Exactly what tidy considers to be a model component varies across models but is usually self-evident. If a model has several distinct types of components, you will need to specify which components to return.
A felm object returned from lfe::felm().
Logical indicating whether or not to include a confidence
interval in the tidied output. Defaults to FALSE.
The confidence level to use for the confidence interval
if conf.int = TRUE. Must be strictly greater than 0 and less than 1.
Defaults to 0.95, which corresponds to a 95 percent confidence interval.
Logical indicating whether or not to include estimates of
fixed effects. Defaults to FALSE.
Character indicating the type of standard errors. Defaults to using those of the underlying felm() model object, e.g. clustered errors for models that were provided a cluster specification. Users can override these defaults by specifying an appropriate alternative: "iid" (for homoskedastic errors), "robust" (for Eicker-Huber-White robust errors), or "cluster" (for clustered standard errors; if the model object supports it).
Additional arguments. Not used. Needed to match generic
signature only. Cautionary note: Misspelled arguments will be
absorbed in ..., where they will be ignored. If the misspelled
argument has a default value, the default value will be used.
For example, if you pass conf.lvel = 0.9, all computation will
proceed using conf.level = 0.95. Two exceptions here are:
Other felm tidiers:
augment.felm()
A tibble::tibble() with columns:
Upper bound on the confidence interval for the estimate.
Lower bound on the confidence interval for the estimate.
The estimated value of the regression term.
The two-sided p-value associated with the observed statistic.
The value of a T-statistic to use in a hypothesis that the regression term is non-zero.
The standard error of the regression term.
The name of the regression term.
# load libraries for models and data
library(lfe)
# use built-in `airquality` dataset
head(airquality)
#> Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day
#> 1 41 190 7.4 67 5 1
#> 2 36 118 8.0 72 5 2
#> 3 12 149 12.6 74 5 3
#> 4 18 313 11.5 62 5 4
#> 5 NA NA 14.3 56 5 5
#> 6 28 NA 14.9 66 5 6
# no FEs; same as lm()
est0 <- felm(Ozone ~ Temp + Wind + Solar.R, airquality)
# summarize model fit with tidiers
tidy(est0)
#> # A tibble: 4 × 5
#> term estimate std.error statistic p.value
#> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 (Intercept) -64.3 23.1 -2.79 0.00623
#> 2 Temp 1.65 0.254 6.52 0.00000000242
#> 3 Wind -3.33 0.654 -5.09 0.00000152
#> 4 Solar.R 0.0598 0.0232 2.58 0.0112
augment(est0)
#> # A tibble: 111 × 7
#> .rownames Ozone Temp Wind Solar.R .fitted .resid
#> <chr> <int> <int> <dbl> <int> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 1 41 67 7.4 190 33.0 7.95
#> 2 2 36 72 8 118 35.0 1.00
#> 3 3 12 74 12.6 149 24.8 -12.8
#> 4 4 18 62 11.5 313 18.5 -0.475
#> 5 7 23 65 8.6 299 32.3 -9.26
#> 6 8 19 59 13.8 99 -6.95 25.9
#> 7 9 8 61 20.1 19 -29.4 37.4
#> 8 12 16 69 9.7 256 32.6 -16.6
#> 9 13 11 66 9.2 290 31.4 -20.4
#> 10 14 14 68 10.9 274 28.1 -14.1
#> # ℹ 101 more rows
# add month fixed effects
est1 <- felm(Ozone ~ Temp + Wind + Solar.R | Month, airquality)
# summarize model fit with tidiers
tidy(est1)
#> # A tibble: 3 × 5
#> term estimate std.error statistic p.value
#> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 Temp 1.88 0.341 5.50 0.000000274
#> 2 Wind -3.11 0.660 -4.71 0.00000778
#> 3 Solar.R 0.0522 0.0237 2.21 0.0296
tidy(est1, fe = TRUE)
#> # A tibble: 8 × 7
#> term estimate std.error statistic p.value N comp
#> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <int> <dbl>
#> 1 Temp 1.88 0.341 5.50 0.000000274 NA NA
#> 2 Wind -3.11 0.660 -4.71 0.00000778 NA NA
#> 3 Solar.R 0.0522 0.0237 2.21 0.0296 NA NA
#> 4 Month.5 -74.2 4.23 -17.5 2.00 24 1
#> 5 Month.6 -89.0 6.91 -12.9 2.00 9 1
#> 6 Month.7 -83.0 4.06 -20.4 2 26 1
#> 7 Month.8 -78.4 4.32 -18.2 2.00 23 1
#> 8 Month.9 -90.2 3.85 -23.4 2 29 1
augment(est1)
#> # A tibble: 111 × 8
#> .rownames Ozone Temp Wind Solar.R Month .fitted .resid
#> <chr> <int> <int> <dbl> <int> <int> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 1 41 67 7.4 190 5 38.3 2.69
#> 2 2 36 72 8 118 5 42.1 -6.07
#> 3 3 12 74 12.6 149 5 33.1 -21.1
#> 4 4 18 62 11.5 313 5 22.6 -4.62
#> 5 7 23 65 8.6 299 5 36.5 -13.5
#> 6 8 19 59 13.8 99 5 -1.33 20.3
#> 7 9 8 61 20.1 19 5 -21.3 29.3
#> 8 12 16 69 9.7 256 5 38.4 -22.4
#> 9 13 11 66 9.2 290 5 36.1 -25.1
#> 10 14 14 68 10.9 274 5 33.7 -19.7
#> # ℹ 101 more rows
glance(est1)
#> # A tibble: 1 × 8
#> r.squared adj.r.squared sigma statistic p.value df df.residual nobs
#> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <int>
#> 1 0.637 0.612 20.7 25.8 4.57e-20 103 103 111
# the "se.type" argument can be used to switch out different standard errors
# types on the fly. In turn, this can be useful exploring the effect of
# different error structures on model inference.
tidy(est1, se.type = "iid")
#> # A tibble: 3 × 5
#> term estimate std.error statistic p.value
#> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 Temp 1.88 0.341 5.50 0.000000274
#> 2 Wind -3.11 0.660 -4.71 0.00000778
#> 3 Solar.R 0.0522 0.0237 2.21 0.0296
tidy(est1, se.type = "robust")
#> # A tibble: 3 × 5
#> term estimate std.error statistic p.value
#> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 Temp 1.88 0.344 5.45 0.000000344
#> 2 Wind -3.11 0.903 -3.44 0.000834
#> 3 Solar.R 0.0522 0.0226 2.31 0.0227
# add clustered SEs (also by month)
est2 <- felm(Ozone ~ Temp + Wind + Solar.R | Month | 0 | Month, airquality)
# summarize model fit with tidiers
tidy(est2, conf.int = TRUE)
#> # A tibble: 3 × 7
#> term estimate std.error statistic p.value conf.low conf.high
#> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 Temp 1.88 0.182 10.3 0.000497 1.37 2.38
#> 2 Wind -3.11 1.31 -2.38 0.0760 -6.74 0.518
#> 3 Solar.R 0.0522 0.0408 1.28 0.270 -0.0611 0.166
tidy(est2, conf.int = TRUE, se.type = "cluster")
#> # A tibble: 3 × 7
#> term estimate std.error statistic p.value conf.low conf.high
#> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 Temp 1.88 0.182 10.3 0.000497 1.37 2.38
#> 2 Wind -3.11 1.31 -2.38 0.0760 -6.74 0.518
#> 3 Solar.R 0.0522 0.0408 1.28 0.270 -0.0611 0.166
tidy(est2, conf.int = TRUE, se.type = "robust")
#> # A tibble: 3 × 7
#> term estimate std.error statistic p.value conf.low conf.high
#> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 Temp 1.88 0.344 5.45 0.00550 0.920 2.83
#> 2 Wind -3.11 0.903 -3.44 0.0262 -5.62 -0.602
#> 3 Solar.R 0.0522 0.0226 2.31 0.0817 -0.0104 0.115
tidy(est2, conf.int = TRUE, se.type = "iid")
#> # A tibble: 3 × 7
#> term estimate std.error statistic p.value conf.low conf.high
#> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 Temp 1.88 0.341 5.50 0.00532 0.929 2.82
#> 2 Wind -3.11 0.660 -4.71 0.00924 -4.94 -1.28
#> 3 Solar.R 0.0522 0.0237 2.21 0.0920 -0.0135 0.118