Position scales for discrete data

scale_x_discrete() and scale_y_discrete() are used to set the values for discrete x and y scale aesthetics. For simple manipulation of scale labels and limits, you may wish to use labs() and lims() instead.

scale_x_discrete(
  name = waiver(),
  ...,
  palette = seq_len,
  expand = waiver(),
  guide = waiver(),
  position = "bottom",
  sec.axis = waiver(),
  continuous.limits = NULL
)

scale_y_discrete(
  name = waiver(),
  ...,
  palette = seq_len,
  expand = waiver(),
  guide = waiver(),
  position = "left",
  sec.axis = waiver(),
  continuous.limits = NULL
)

Arguments

name

The name of the scale. Used as the axis or legend title. If waiver(), the default, the name of the scale is taken from the first mapping used for that aesthetic. If NULL, the legend title will be omitted.

...

Arguments passed on to discrete_scale

breaks

One of:

NULL for no breaks
waiver() for the default breaks (the scale limits)
A character vector of breaks
A function that takes the limits as input and returns breaks as output. Also accepts rlang lambda function notation.

limits

One of:

NULL to use the default scale values
A character vector that defines possible values of the scale and their order
A function that accepts the existing (automatic) values and returns new ones. Also accepts rlang lambda function notation.

drop

Should unused factor levels be omitted from the scale? The default, TRUE, uses the levels that appear in the data; FALSE includes the levels in the factor. Please note that to display every level in a legend, the layer should use show.legend = TRUE.

na.translate

Unlike continuous scales, discrete scales can easily show missing values, and do so by default. If you want to remove missing values from a discrete scale, specify na.translate = FALSE.

na.value

If na.translate = TRUE, what aesthetic value should the missing values be displayed as? Does not apply to position scales where NA is always placed at the far right.

aesthetics

The names of the aesthetics that this scale works with.

minor_breaks

One of:

NULL for no minor breaks
waiver() for the default breaks (none for discrete, one minor break between each major break for continuous)
A numeric vector of positions
A function that given the limits returns a vector of minor breaks. Also accepts rlang lambda function notation. When the function has two arguments, it will be given the limits and major break positions.

labels

One of the options below. Please note that when labels is a vector, it is highly recommended to also set the breaks argument as a vector to protect against unintended mismatches.

NULL for no labels
waiver() for the default labels computed by the transformation object
A character vector giving labels (must be same length as breaks)
An expression vector (must be the same length as breaks). See ?plotmath for details.
A function that takes the breaks as input and returns labels as output. Also accepts rlang lambda function notation.

call

The call used to construct the scale for reporting messages.

super

The super class to use for the constructed scale

palette

A palette function that when called with a single integer argument (the number of levels in the scale) returns the numerical values that they should take.

expand

For position scales, a vector of range expansion constants used to add some padding around the data to ensure that they are placed some distance away from the axes. Use the convenience function expansion() to generate the values for the expand argument. The defaults are to expand the scale by 5% on each side for continuous variables, and by 0.6 units on each side for discrete variables.

guide

A function used to create a guide or its name. See guides() for more information.

position

For position scales, The position of the axis. left or right for y axes, top or bottom for x axes.

sec.axis

dup_axis() is used to specify a secondary axis.

continuous.limits

One of:

NULL to use the default scale range
A numeric vector of length two providing a display range for the scale. Use NA to refer to the existing minimum or maximum.
A function that accepts the limits and returns a numeric vector of length two.

Details

You can use continuous positions even with a discrete position scale - this allows you (e.g.) to place labels between bars in a bar chart. Continuous positions are numeric values starting at one for the first level, and increasing by one for each level (i.e. the labels are placed at integer positions). This is what allows jittering to work.

Examples

ggplot(diamonds, aes(cut)) + geom_bar()


# \donttest{
# The discrete position scale is added automatically whenever you
# have a discrete position.

(d <- ggplot(subset(diamonds, carat > 1), aes(cut, clarity)) +
      geom_jitter())


d + scale_x_discrete("Cut")

d +
  scale_x_discrete(
    "Cut",
    labels = c(
      "Fair" = "F",
      "Good" = "G",
      "Very Good" = "VG",
      "Perfect" = "P",
      "Ideal" = "I"
    )
  )


# Use limits to adjust the which levels (and in what order)
# are displayed
d + scale_x_discrete(limits = c("Fair","Ideal"))
#> Warning: Removed 11189 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
#> (`geom_point()`).


# you can also use the short hand functions xlim and ylim
d + xlim("Fair","Ideal", "Good")
#> Warning: Removed 9610 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
#> (`geom_point()`).

d + ylim("I1", "IF")
#> Warning: Removed 16770 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
#> (`geom_point()`).


# See ?reorder to reorder based on the values of another variable
ggplot(mpg, aes(manufacturer, cty)) +
  geom_point()

ggplot(mpg, aes(reorder(manufacturer, cty), cty)) +
  geom_point()

ggplot(mpg, aes(reorder(manufacturer, displ), cty)) +
  geom_point()


# Use abbreviate as a formatter to reduce long names
ggplot(mpg, aes(reorder(manufacturer, displ), cty)) +
  geom_point() +
  scale_x_discrete(labels = abbreviate)

# }

Arguments

Details

See also

Examples