Add significance stars

Add significance stars to estimates with small p-values

add_significance_stars(
  x,
  pattern = ifelse(inherits(x, c("tbl_regression", "tbl_uvregression")),
    "{estimate}{stars}", "{p.value}{stars}"),
  thresholds = c(0.001, 0.01, 0.05),
  hide_ci = TRUE,
  hide_p = inherits(x, c("tbl_regression", "tbl_uvregression")),
  hide_se = FALSE
)

Arguments

x

(gtsummary)
A 'gtsummary' object with a 'p.value' column

pattern

(string)
glue-syntax string indicating what to display in formatted column. Default is "{estimate}{stars}" for regression summaries and "{p.value}{stars}" otherwise. A footnote is placed on the first column listed in the pattern. Other common patterns are "{estimate}{stars} ({conf.low}, {conf.high})" and "{estimate} ({conf.low} to {conf.high}){stars}"

thresholds

(numeric)
Thresholds for significance stars. Default is c(0.001, 0.01, 0.05)

hide_ci

(scalar logical)
logical whether to hide confidence interval. Default is TRUE

hide_p

(scalar logical)
logical whether to hide p-value. Default is TRUE for regression summaries, and FALSE otherwise.

hide_se

(scalar logical)
logical whether to hide standard error. Default is FALSE

Value

a 'gtsummary' table

Examples

tbl <-
  lm(time ~ ph.ecog + sex, survival::lung) |>
  tbl_regression(label = list(ph.ecog = "ECOG Score", sex = "Sex"))

# Example 1 ----------------------------------
tbl |>
  add_significance_stars(hide_ci = FALSE, hide_p = FALSE)


  
Characteristic
      
Beta1
      
SE
      
95% CI
      
p-value
    
ECOG Score
-58**
19.1
-96, -21
0.003
Sex
52
27.9
-2.5, 107
0.061
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, SE = Standard Error
    
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001
    

# Example 2 ----------------------------------
tbl |>
  add_significance_stars(
    pattern = "{estimate} ({conf.low}, {conf.high}){stars}",
    hide_ci = TRUE, hide_se = TRUE
  ) |>
  modify_header(estimate = "**Beta (95% CI)**") |>
  modify_abbreviation("CI = Confidence Interval")


  
Characteristic
      
Beta (95% CI)1
    
ECOG Score
-58 (-96, -21)**
Sex
52 (-2.5, 107)
Abbreviation: CI = Confidence Interval
    
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001
    

# Example 3 ----------------------------------
# Use '  \n' to put a line break between beta and SE
tbl |>
  add_significance_stars(
    hide_se = TRUE,
    pattern = "{estimate}{stars}  \n({std.error})"
  ) |>
  modify_header(estimate = "**Beta  \n(SE)**") |>
  modify_abbreviation("SE = Standard Error") |>
  as_gt() |>
  gt::fmt_markdown(columns = everything()) |>
  gt::tab_style(
    style = "vertical-align:top",
    locations = gt::cells_body(columns = label)
  )


  
Characteristic
      
Beta

(SE)1
    
ECOG Score
-58.1552930554511**
(19.0504299286733)
Sex
52.4310811827553
(27.8957178715894)
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, SE = Standard Error
    
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001
    

# Example 4 ----------------------------------
lm(marker ~ stage + grade, data = trial) |>
  tbl_regression() |>
  add_global_p() |>
  add_significance_stars(
    hide_p = FALSE,
    pattern = "{p.value}{stars}"
  )


  
Characteristic
      
Beta
      
SE
      
p-value1
    
T Stage




0.2
    T1
—
—

    T2
0.36
0.168

    T3
0.23
0.183

    T4
0.13
0.171

Grade




0.047*
    I
—
—

    II
-0.36
0.150

    III
-0.08
0.150

Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, SE = Standard Error
    
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001