Authors and Citation

• José Pinheiro. Author.
  S version

• Douglas Bates. Author.
  up to 2007

• Saikat DebRoy. Contributor.
  up to 2002

• Deepayan Sarkar. Contributor.
  up to 2005

• EISPACK authors. Contributor.
  src/rs.f

• Siem Heisterkamp. Contributor.
  Author fixed sigma

• Bert Van Willigen. Contributor.
  Programmer fixed sigma

• Johannes Ranke. Contributor.
  varConstProp()

• R Core Team. Author, maintainer.
  02zz1nj61

Citation

Pinheiro J, Bates D, R Core Team (2025). nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models. R package version 3.1-168, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=nlme.

@Manual{,
  title = {nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models},
  author = {José Pinheiro and Douglas Bates and {R Core Team}},
  year = {2025},
  note = {R package version 3.1-168},
  url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=nlme},
}

Pinheiro JC, Bates DM (2000). Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-PLUS. Springer, New York. doi:10.1007/b98882.

@Book{,
  title = {Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-PLUS},
  author = {José C. Pinheiro and Douglas M. Bates},
  year = {2000},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address = {New York},
  doi = {10.1007/b98882},
}