Subgroup treatment effect pattern (STEP) fit for binary (response) outcome

This fits the Subgroup Treatment Effect Pattern logistic regression models for a binary (response) outcome. The treatment arm variable must have exactly 2 levels, where the first one is taken as reference and the estimated odds ratios are for the comparison of the second level vs. the first one.

The (conditional) logistic regression model which is fit is:

response ~ arm * poly(biomarker, degree) + covariates + strata(strata)

where degree is specified by control_step().

fit_rsp_step(variables, data, control = c(control_step(), control_logistic()))

Arguments

variables

(named list of character)
list of analysis variables: needs response, arm, biomarker, and optional covariates and strata.

data

(data.frame)
the dataset containing the variables to summarize.

control

(named list)
combined control list from control_step() and control_logistic().

Value

A matrix of class step. The first part of the columns describe the subgroup intervals used for the biomarker variable, including where the center of the intervals are and their bounds. The second part of the columns contain the estimates for the treatment arm comparison.

Note

For the default degree 0 the biomarker variable is not included in the model.

See also

control_step() and control_logistic() for the available customization options.

Examples

# Testing dataset with just two treatment arms.
library(survival)
library(dplyr)

adrs_f <- tern_ex_adrs %>%
  filter(
    PARAMCD == "BESRSPI",
    ARM %in% c("B: Placebo", "A: Drug X")
  ) %>%
  mutate(
    # Reorder levels of ARM to have Placebo as reference arm for Odds Ratio calculations.
    ARM = droplevels(forcats::fct_relevel(ARM, "B: Placebo")),
    RSP = case_when(AVALC %in% c("PR", "CR") ~ 1, TRUE ~ 0),
    SEX = factor(SEX)
  )

variables <- list(
  arm = "ARM",
  biomarker = "BMRKR1",
  covariates = "AGE",
  response = "RSP"
)

# Fit default STEP models: Here a constant treatment effect is estimated in each subgroup.
# We use a large enough bandwidth to avoid too small subgroups and linear separation in those.
step_matrix <- fit_rsp_step(
  variables = variables,
  data = adrs_f,
  control = c(control_logistic(), control_step(bandwidth = 0.9))
)
dim(step_matrix)
#> [1] 39 11
head(step_matrix)
#>      Percentile Center Percentile Lower Percentile Upper Interval Center
#> [1,]             0.025                0            0.925        1.472755
#> [2,]             0.050                0            0.950        2.028546
#> [3,]             0.075                0            0.975        2.204086
#> [4,]             0.100                0            1.000        2.799776
#> [5,]             0.125                0            1.000        2.969998
#> [6,]             0.150                0            1.000        3.149068
#>      Interval Lower Interval Upper   n    logor       se   ci_lower ci_upper
#> [1,]      0.4459546       11.74529 131 1.835008 1.134560 -0.3886885 4.058703
#> [2,]      0.4459546       12.73387 134 1.895158 1.136248 -0.3318481 4.122163
#> [3,]      0.4459546       14.75099 138 1.947699 1.136969 -0.2807193 4.176116
#> [4,]      0.4459546       18.49236 142 1.931001 1.135866 -0.2952561 4.157258
#> [5,]      0.4459546       18.49236 142 1.931001 1.135866 -0.2952561 4.157258
#> [6,]      0.4459546       18.49236 142 1.931001 1.135866 -0.2952561 4.157258

# Specify different polynomial degree for the biomarker interaction to use more flexible local
# models. Or specify different logistic regression options, including confidence level.
step_matrix2 <- fit_rsp_step(
  variables = variables,
  data = adrs_f,
  control = c(control_logistic(conf_level = 0.9), control_step(bandwidth = NULL, degree = 1))
)

# Use a global constant model. This is helpful as a reference for the subgroup models.
step_matrix3 <- fit_rsp_step(
  variables = variables,
  data = adrs_f,
  control = c(control_logistic(), control_step(bandwidth = NULL, num_points = 2L))
)

# It is also possible to use strata, i.e. use conditional logistic regression models.
variables2 <- list(
  arm = "ARM",
  biomarker = "BMRKR1",
  covariates = "AGE",
  response = "RSP",
  strata = c("STRATA1", "STRATA2")
)

step_matrix4 <- fit_rsp_step(
  variables = variables2,
  data = adrs_f,
  control = c(control_logistic(), control_step(bandwidth = NULL))
)