zoo
S3 Infrastructure for Regular and Irregular Time Series (Z's Ordered Observations)

An S3 class with methods for working with regular and irregular time series. The class stores data as numeric vectors/matrices (or factors) along with a time index of arbitrary class (including numeric, Date, POSIXct, chron, yearmon, yearqtr, etc.). Functions and methods are consistent with the ts class and base R and also extend standard generics. Tools include: Data import/export, coercion, visualization (with base R, 'ggplot2', 'lattice', 'tinyplot'), alignment and merging, aggregation, lags and subsets, rolling analytics, and time-based interpolation/filling. The design is introduced in Zeileis and Grothendieck (2005) <doi:10.18637/jss.v014.i06>.

Released on 2026-07-31 06:00:02 UTC