This function makes the data balanced, i.e., each individual has the same time periods, by filling in or dropping observations
make.pbalanced(
x,
balance.type = c("fill", "shared.times", "shared.individuals"),
...
)
# S3 method for class 'pdata.frame'
make.pbalanced(
x,
balance.type = c("fill", "shared.times", "shared.individuals"),
...
)
# S3 method for class 'pseries'
make.pbalanced(
x,
balance.type = c("fill", "shared.times", "shared.individuals"),
...
)
# S3 method for class 'data.frame'
make.pbalanced(
x,
balance.type = c("fill", "shared.times", "shared.individuals"),
index = NULL,
...
)an object of class pdata.frame, data.frame,
or pseries;
character, one of "fill",
"shared.times", or "shared.individuals", see
Details,
further arguments.
only relevant for data.frame interface; if
NULL, the first two columns of the data.frame are
assumed to be the index variables; if not NULL, both
dimensions ('individual', 'time') need to be specified by
index as character of length 2 for data frames, for
further details see pdata.frame(),
An object of the same class as the input x, i.e., a
pdata.frame, data.frame or a pseries which is made balanced
based on the index variables. The returned data are sorted as a
stacked time series.
(p)data.frame and pseries objects are made balanced, meaning each
individual has the same time periods. Depending on the value of
balance.type, the balancing is done in different ways:
balance.type = "fill" (default): The union
of available time periods over all individuals is taken (w/o
NA values). Missing time periods for an individual are
identified and corresponding rows (elements for pseries) are
inserted and filled with NA for the non–index variables
(elements for a pseries). This means, only time periods present
for at least one individual are inserted, if missing.
balance.type = "shared.times": The intersect of available time
periods over all individuals is taken (w/o NA values). Thus, time
periods not available for all individuals are discarded, i. e., only time
periods shared by all individuals are left in the result).
balance.type = "shared.individuals": All available time periods
are kept and those individuals are dropped for which not all time periods
are available, i. e., only individuals shared by all time periods are left
in the result (symmetric to "shared.times").
The data are not necessarily made consecutive (regular time series
with distance 1), because balancedness does not imply
consecutiveness. For making the data consecutive, use
make.pconsecutive() (and, optionally, set argument
balanced = TRUE to make consecutive and balanced, see also
Examples for a comparison of the two functions.
Note: Rows of (p)data.frames (elements for pseries) with NA
values in individual or time index are not examined but silently
dropped before the data are made balanced. In this case, it cannot
be inferred which individual or time period is meant by the missing
value(s) (see also Examples). Especially, this means:
NA values in the first/last position of the original time
periods for an individual are dropped, which are usually meant to
depict the beginning and ending of the time series for that
individual. Thus, one might want to check if there are any
NA values in the index variables before applying
make.pbalanced, and especially check for NA values in the
first and last position for each individual in original data and,
if so, maybe set those to some meaningful begin/end value for the
time series.
is.pbalanced() to check if data are balanced;
is.pconsecutive() to check if data are consecutive;
make.pconsecutive() to make data consecutive (and,
optionally, also balanced).punbalancedness()
for two measures of unbalancedness, pdim() to check
the dimensions of a 'pdata.frame' (and other objects),
pvar() to check for individual and time variation
of a 'pdata.frame' (and other objects), lag() for
lagging (and leading) values of a 'pseries' object.pseries(), data.frame(),
pdata.frame().
# take data and make it unbalanced
# by deletion of 2nd row (2nd time period for first individual)
data("Grunfeld", package = "plm")
nrow(Grunfeld) # 200 rows
#> [1] 200
Grunfeld_missing_period <- Grunfeld[-2, ]
pdim(Grunfeld_missing_period)$balanced # check if balanced: FALSE
#> [1] FALSE
make.pbalanced(Grunfeld_missing_period) # make it balanced (by filling)
#> firm year inv value capital
#> 1 1 1935 317.60 3078.50 2.80
#> 2 1 1936 NA NA NA
#> 3 1 1937 410.60 5387.10 156.90
#> 4 1 1938 257.70 2792.20 209.20
#> 5 1 1939 330.80 4313.20 203.40
#> 6 1 1940 461.20 4643.90 207.20
#> 7 1 1941 512.00 4551.20 255.20
#> 8 1 1942 448.00 3244.10 303.70
#> 9 1 1943 499.60 4053.70 264.10
#> 10 1 1944 547.50 4379.30 201.60
#> 11 1 1945 561.20 4840.90 265.00
#> 12 1 1946 688.10 4900.90 402.20
#> 13 1 1947 568.90 3526.50 761.50
#> 14 1 1948 529.20 3254.70 922.40
#> 15 1 1949 555.10 3700.20 1020.10
#> 16 1 1950 642.90 3755.60 1099.00
#> 17 1 1951 755.90 4833.00 1207.70
#> 18 1 1952 891.20 4924.90 1430.50
#> 19 1 1953 1304.40 6241.70 1777.30
#> 20 1 1954 1486.70 5593.60 2226.30
#> 21 2 1935 209.90 1362.40 53.80
#> 22 2 1936 355.30 1807.10 50.50
#> 23 2 1937 469.90 2676.30 118.10
#> 24 2 1938 262.30 1801.90 260.20
#> 25 2 1939 230.40 1957.30 312.70
#> 26 2 1940 361.60 2202.90 254.20
#> 27 2 1941 472.80 2380.50 261.40
#> 28 2 1942 445.60 2168.60 298.70
#> 29 2 1943 361.60 1985.10 301.80
#> 30 2 1944 288.20 1813.90 279.10
#> 31 2 1945 258.70 1850.20 213.80
#> 32 2 1946 420.30 2067.70 132.60
#> 33 2 1947 420.50 1796.70 264.80
#> 34 2 1948 494.50 1625.80 306.90
#> 35 2 1949 405.10 1667.00 351.10
#> 36 2 1950 418.80 1677.40 357.80
#> 37 2 1951 588.20 2289.50 342.10
#> 38 2 1952 645.50 2159.40 444.20
#> 39 2 1953 641.00 2031.30 623.60
#> 40 2 1954 459.30 2115.50 669.70
#> 41 3 1935 33.10 1170.60 97.80
#> 42 3 1936 45.00 2015.80 104.40
#> 43 3 1937 77.20 2803.30 118.00
#> 44 3 1938 44.60 2039.70 156.20
#> 45 3 1939 48.10 2256.20 172.60
#> 46 3 1940 74.40 2132.20 186.60
#> 47 3 1941 113.00 1834.10 220.90
#> 48 3 1942 91.90 1588.00 287.80
#> 49 3 1943 61.30 1749.40 319.90
#> 50 3 1944 56.80 1687.20 321.30
#> 51 3 1945 93.60 2007.70 319.60
#> 52 3 1946 159.90 2208.30 346.00
#> 53 3 1947 147.20 1656.70 456.40
#> 54 3 1948 146.30 1604.40 543.40
#> 55 3 1949 98.30 1431.80 618.30
#> 56 3 1950 93.50 1610.50 647.40
#> 57 3 1951 135.20 1819.40 671.30
#> 58 3 1952 157.30 2079.70 726.10
#> 59 3 1953 179.50 2371.60 800.30
#> 60 3 1954 189.60 2759.90 888.90
#> 61 4 1935 40.29 417.50 10.50
#> 62 4 1936 72.76 837.80 10.20
#> 63 4 1937 66.26 883.90 34.70
#> 64 4 1938 51.60 437.90 51.80
#> 65 4 1939 52.41 679.70 64.30
#> 66 4 1940 69.41 727.80 67.10
#> 67 4 1941 68.35 643.60 75.20
#> 68 4 1942 46.80 410.90 71.40
#> 69 4 1943 47.40 588.40 67.10
#> 70 4 1944 59.57 698.40 60.50
#> 71 4 1945 88.78 846.40 54.60
#> 72 4 1946 74.12 893.80 84.80
#> 73 4 1947 62.68 579.00 96.80
#> 74 4 1948 89.36 694.60 110.20
#> 75 4 1949 78.98 590.30 147.40
#> 76 4 1950 100.66 693.50 163.20
#> 77 4 1951 160.62 809.00 203.50
#> 78 4 1952 145.00 727.00 290.60
#> 79 4 1953 174.93 1001.50 346.10
#> 80 4 1954 172.49 703.20 414.90
#> 81 5 1935 39.68 157.70 183.20
#> 82 5 1936 50.73 167.90 204.00
#> 83 5 1937 74.24 192.90 236.00
#> 84 5 1938 53.51 156.70 291.70
#> 85 5 1939 42.65 191.40 323.10
#> 86 5 1940 46.48 185.50 344.00
#> 87 5 1941 61.40 199.60 367.70
#> 88 5 1942 39.67 189.50 407.20
#> 89 5 1943 62.24 151.20 426.60
#> 90 5 1944 52.32 187.70 470.00
#> 91 5 1945 63.21 214.70 499.20
#> 92 5 1946 59.37 232.90 534.60
#> 93 5 1947 58.02 249.00 566.60
#> 94 5 1948 70.34 224.50 595.30
#> 95 5 1949 67.42 237.30 631.40
#> 96 5 1950 55.74 240.10 662.30
#> 97 5 1951 80.30 327.30 683.90
#> 98 5 1952 85.40 359.40 729.30
#> 99 5 1953 91.90 398.40 774.30
#> 100 5 1954 81.43 365.70 804.90
#> 101 6 1935 20.36 197.00 6.50
#> 102 6 1936 25.98 210.30 15.80
#> 103 6 1937 25.94 223.10 27.70
#> 104 6 1938 27.53 216.70 39.20
#> 105 6 1939 24.60 286.40 48.60
#> 106 6 1940 28.54 298.00 52.50
#> 107 6 1941 43.41 276.90 61.50
#> 108 6 1942 42.81 272.60 80.50
#> 109 6 1943 27.84 287.40 94.40
#> 110 6 1944 32.60 330.30 92.60
#> 111 6 1945 39.03 324.40 92.30
#> 112 6 1946 50.17 401.90 94.20
#> 113 6 1947 51.85 407.40 111.40
#> 114 6 1948 64.03 409.20 127.40
#> 115 6 1949 68.16 482.20 149.30
#> 116 6 1950 77.34 673.80 164.40
#> 117 6 1951 95.30 676.90 177.20
#> 118 6 1952 99.49 702.00 200.00
#> 119 6 1953 127.52 793.50 211.50
#> 120 6 1954 135.72 927.30 238.70
#> 121 7 1935 24.43 138.00 100.20
#> 122 7 1936 23.21 200.10 125.00
#> 123 7 1937 32.78 210.10 142.40
#> 124 7 1938 32.54 161.20 165.10
#> 125 7 1939 26.65 161.70 194.80
#> 126 7 1940 33.71 145.10 222.90
#> 127 7 1941 43.50 110.60 252.10
#> 128 7 1942 34.46 98.10 276.30
#> 129 7 1943 44.28 108.80 300.30
#> 130 7 1944 70.80 118.20 318.20
#> 131 7 1945 44.12 126.50 336.20
#> 132 7 1946 48.98 156.70 351.20
#> 133 7 1947 48.51 119.40 373.60
#> 134 7 1948 50.00 129.10 389.40
#> 135 7 1949 50.59 134.80 406.70
#> 136 7 1950 42.53 140.80 429.50
#> 137 7 1951 64.77 179.00 450.60
#> 138 7 1952 72.68 178.10 466.90
#> 139 7 1953 73.86 186.80 486.20
#> 140 7 1954 89.51 192.70 511.30
#> 141 8 1935 12.93 191.50 1.80
#> 142 8 1936 25.90 516.00 0.80
#> 143 8 1937 35.05 729.00 7.40
#> 144 8 1938 22.89 560.40 18.10
#> 145 8 1939 18.84 519.90 23.50
#> 146 8 1940 28.57 628.50 26.50
#> 147 8 1941 48.51 537.10 36.20
#> 148 8 1942 43.34 561.20 60.80
#> 149 8 1943 37.02 617.20 84.40
#> 150 8 1944 37.81 626.70 91.20
#> 151 8 1945 39.27 737.20 92.40
#> 152 8 1946 53.46 760.50 86.00
#> 153 8 1947 55.56 581.40 111.10
#> 154 8 1948 49.56 662.30 130.60
#> 155 8 1949 32.04 583.80 141.80
#> 156 8 1950 32.24 635.20 136.70
#> 157 8 1951 54.38 723.80 129.70
#> 158 8 1952 71.78 864.10 145.50
#> 159 8 1953 90.08 1193.50 174.80
#> 160 8 1954 68.60 1188.90 213.50
#> 161 9 1935 26.63 290.60 162.00
#> 162 9 1936 23.39 291.10 174.00
#> 163 9 1937 30.65 335.00 183.00
#> 164 9 1938 20.89 246.00 198.00
#> 165 9 1939 28.78 356.20 208.00
#> 166 9 1940 26.93 289.80 223.00
#> 167 9 1941 32.08 268.20 234.00
#> 168 9 1942 32.21 213.30 248.00
#> 169 9 1943 35.69 348.20 274.00
#> 170 9 1944 62.47 374.20 282.00
#> 171 9 1945 52.32 387.20 316.00
#> 172 9 1946 56.95 347.40 302.00
#> 173 9 1947 54.32 291.90 333.00
#> 174 9 1948 40.53 297.20 359.00
#> 175 9 1949 32.54 276.90 370.00
#> 176 9 1950 43.48 274.60 376.00
#> 177 9 1951 56.49 339.90 391.00
#> 178 9 1952 65.98 474.80 414.00
#> 179 9 1953 66.11 496.00 443.00
#> 180 9 1954 49.34 474.50 468.00
#> 181 10 1935 2.54 70.91 4.50
#> 182 10 1936 2.00 87.94 4.71
#> 183 10 1937 2.19 82.20 4.57
#> 184 10 1938 1.99 58.72 4.56
#> 185 10 1939 2.03 80.54 4.38
#> 186 10 1940 1.81 86.47 4.21
#> 187 10 1941 2.14 77.68 4.12
#> 188 10 1942 1.86 62.16 3.83
#> 189 10 1943 0.93 62.24 3.58
#> 190 10 1944 1.18 61.82 3.41
#> 191 10 1945 1.36 65.85 3.31
#> 192 10 1946 2.24 69.54 3.23
#> 193 10 1947 3.81 64.97 3.90
#> 194 10 1948 5.66 68.00 5.38
#> 195 10 1949 4.21 71.24 7.39
#> 196 10 1950 3.42 69.05 8.74
#> 197 10 1951 4.67 83.04 9.07
#> 198 10 1952 6.00 74.42 9.93
#> 199 10 1953 6.53 63.51 11.68
#> 200 10 1954 5.12 58.12 14.33
make.pbalanced(Grunfeld_missing_period, balance.type = "shared.times") # (shared periods)
#> firm year inv value capital
#> 1 1 1935 317.60 3078.50 2.80
#> 3 1 1937 410.60 5387.10 156.90
#> 4 1 1938 257.70 2792.20 209.20
#> 5 1 1939 330.80 4313.20 203.40
#> 6 1 1940 461.20 4643.90 207.20
#> 7 1 1941 512.00 4551.20 255.20
#> 8 1 1942 448.00 3244.10 303.70
#> 9 1 1943 499.60 4053.70 264.10
#> 10 1 1944 547.50 4379.30 201.60
#> 11 1 1945 561.20 4840.90 265.00
#> 12 1 1946 688.10 4900.90 402.20
#> 13 1 1947 568.90 3526.50 761.50
#> 14 1 1948 529.20 3254.70 922.40
#> 15 1 1949 555.10 3700.20 1020.10
#> 16 1 1950 642.90 3755.60 1099.00
#> 17 1 1951 755.90 4833.00 1207.70
#> 18 1 1952 891.20 4924.90 1430.50
#> 19 1 1953 1304.40 6241.70 1777.30
#> 20 1 1954 1486.70 5593.60 2226.30
#> 21 2 1935 209.90 1362.40 53.80
#> 23 2 1937 469.90 2676.30 118.10
#> 24 2 1938 262.30 1801.90 260.20
#> 25 2 1939 230.40 1957.30 312.70
#> 26 2 1940 361.60 2202.90 254.20
#> 27 2 1941 472.80 2380.50 261.40
#> 28 2 1942 445.60 2168.60 298.70
#> 29 2 1943 361.60 1985.10 301.80
#> 30 2 1944 288.20 1813.90 279.10
#> 31 2 1945 258.70 1850.20 213.80
#> 32 2 1946 420.30 2067.70 132.60
#> 33 2 1947 420.50 1796.70 264.80
#> 34 2 1948 494.50 1625.80 306.90
#> 35 2 1949 405.10 1667.00 351.10
#> 36 2 1950 418.80 1677.40 357.80
#> 37 2 1951 588.20 2289.50 342.10
#> 38 2 1952 645.50 2159.40 444.20
#> 39 2 1953 641.00 2031.30 623.60
#> 40 2 1954 459.30 2115.50 669.70
#> 41 3 1935 33.10 1170.60 97.80
#> 43 3 1937 77.20 2803.30 118.00
#> 44 3 1938 44.60 2039.70 156.20
#> 45 3 1939 48.10 2256.20 172.60
#> 46 3 1940 74.40 2132.20 186.60
#> 47 3 1941 113.00 1834.10 220.90
#> 48 3 1942 91.90 1588.00 287.80
#> 49 3 1943 61.30 1749.40 319.90
#> 50 3 1944 56.80 1687.20 321.30
#> 51 3 1945 93.60 2007.70 319.60
#> 52 3 1946 159.90 2208.30 346.00
#> 53 3 1947 147.20 1656.70 456.40
#> 54 3 1948 146.30 1604.40 543.40
#> 55 3 1949 98.30 1431.80 618.30
#> 56 3 1950 93.50 1610.50 647.40
#> 57 3 1951 135.20 1819.40 671.30
#> 58 3 1952 157.30 2079.70 726.10
#> 59 3 1953 179.50 2371.60 800.30
#> 60 3 1954 189.60 2759.90 888.90
#> 61 4 1935 40.29 417.50 10.50
#> 63 4 1937 66.26 883.90 34.70
#> 64 4 1938 51.60 437.90 51.80
#> 65 4 1939 52.41 679.70 64.30
#> 66 4 1940 69.41 727.80 67.10
#> 67 4 1941 68.35 643.60 75.20
#> 68 4 1942 46.80 410.90 71.40
#> 69 4 1943 47.40 588.40 67.10
#> 70 4 1944 59.57 698.40 60.50
#> 71 4 1945 88.78 846.40 54.60
#> 72 4 1946 74.12 893.80 84.80
#> 73 4 1947 62.68 579.00 96.80
#> 74 4 1948 89.36 694.60 110.20
#> 75 4 1949 78.98 590.30 147.40
#> 76 4 1950 100.66 693.50 163.20
#> 77 4 1951 160.62 809.00 203.50
#> 78 4 1952 145.00 727.00 290.60
#> 79 4 1953 174.93 1001.50 346.10
#> 80 4 1954 172.49 703.20 414.90
#> 81 5 1935 39.68 157.70 183.20
#> 83 5 1937 74.24 192.90 236.00
#> 84 5 1938 53.51 156.70 291.70
#> 85 5 1939 42.65 191.40 323.10
#> 86 5 1940 46.48 185.50 344.00
#> 87 5 1941 61.40 199.60 367.70
#> 88 5 1942 39.67 189.50 407.20
#> 89 5 1943 62.24 151.20 426.60
#> 90 5 1944 52.32 187.70 470.00
#> 91 5 1945 63.21 214.70 499.20
#> 92 5 1946 59.37 232.90 534.60
#> 93 5 1947 58.02 249.00 566.60
#> 94 5 1948 70.34 224.50 595.30
#> 95 5 1949 67.42 237.30 631.40
#> 96 5 1950 55.74 240.10 662.30
#> 97 5 1951 80.30 327.30 683.90
#> 98 5 1952 85.40 359.40 729.30
#> 99 5 1953 91.90 398.40 774.30
#> 100 5 1954 81.43 365.70 804.90
#> 101 6 1935 20.36 197.00 6.50
#> 103 6 1937 25.94 223.10 27.70
#> 104 6 1938 27.53 216.70 39.20
#> 105 6 1939 24.60 286.40 48.60
#> 106 6 1940 28.54 298.00 52.50
#> 107 6 1941 43.41 276.90 61.50
#> 108 6 1942 42.81 272.60 80.50
#> 109 6 1943 27.84 287.40 94.40
#> 110 6 1944 32.60 330.30 92.60
#> 111 6 1945 39.03 324.40 92.30
#> 112 6 1946 50.17 401.90 94.20
#> 113 6 1947 51.85 407.40 111.40
#> 114 6 1948 64.03 409.20 127.40
#> 115 6 1949 68.16 482.20 149.30
#> 116 6 1950 77.34 673.80 164.40
#> 117 6 1951 95.30 676.90 177.20
#> 118 6 1952 99.49 702.00 200.00
#> 119 6 1953 127.52 793.50 211.50
#> 120 6 1954 135.72 927.30 238.70
#> 121 7 1935 24.43 138.00 100.20
#> 123 7 1937 32.78 210.10 142.40
#> 124 7 1938 32.54 161.20 165.10
#> 125 7 1939 26.65 161.70 194.80
#> 126 7 1940 33.71 145.10 222.90
#> 127 7 1941 43.50 110.60 252.10
#> 128 7 1942 34.46 98.10 276.30
#> 129 7 1943 44.28 108.80 300.30
#> 130 7 1944 70.80 118.20 318.20
#> 131 7 1945 44.12 126.50 336.20
#> 132 7 1946 48.98 156.70 351.20
#> 133 7 1947 48.51 119.40 373.60
#> 134 7 1948 50.00 129.10 389.40
#> 135 7 1949 50.59 134.80 406.70
#> 136 7 1950 42.53 140.80 429.50
#> 137 7 1951 64.77 179.00 450.60
#> 138 7 1952 72.68 178.10 466.90
#> 139 7 1953 73.86 186.80 486.20
#> 140 7 1954 89.51 192.70 511.30
#> 141 8 1935 12.93 191.50 1.80
#> 143 8 1937 35.05 729.00 7.40
#> 144 8 1938 22.89 560.40 18.10
#> 145 8 1939 18.84 519.90 23.50
#> 146 8 1940 28.57 628.50 26.50
#> 147 8 1941 48.51 537.10 36.20
#> 148 8 1942 43.34 561.20 60.80
#> 149 8 1943 37.02 617.20 84.40
#> 150 8 1944 37.81 626.70 91.20
#> 151 8 1945 39.27 737.20 92.40
#> 152 8 1946 53.46 760.50 86.00
#> 153 8 1947 55.56 581.40 111.10
#> 154 8 1948 49.56 662.30 130.60
#> 155 8 1949 32.04 583.80 141.80
#> 156 8 1950 32.24 635.20 136.70
#> 157 8 1951 54.38 723.80 129.70
#> 158 8 1952 71.78 864.10 145.50
#> 159 8 1953 90.08 1193.50 174.80
#> 160 8 1954 68.60 1188.90 213.50
#> 161 9 1935 26.63 290.60 162.00
#> 163 9 1937 30.65 335.00 183.00
#> 164 9 1938 20.89 246.00 198.00
#> 165 9 1939 28.78 356.20 208.00
#> 166 9 1940 26.93 289.80 223.00
#> 167 9 1941 32.08 268.20 234.00
#> 168 9 1942 32.21 213.30 248.00
#> 169 9 1943 35.69 348.20 274.00
#> 170 9 1944 62.47 374.20 282.00
#> 171 9 1945 52.32 387.20 316.00
#> 172 9 1946 56.95 347.40 302.00
#> 173 9 1947 54.32 291.90 333.00
#> 174 9 1948 40.53 297.20 359.00
#> 175 9 1949 32.54 276.90 370.00
#> 176 9 1950 43.48 274.60 376.00
#> 177 9 1951 56.49 339.90 391.00
#> 178 9 1952 65.98 474.80 414.00
#> 179 9 1953 66.11 496.00 443.00
#> 180 9 1954 49.34 474.50 468.00
#> 181 10 1935 2.54 70.91 4.50
#> 183 10 1937 2.19 82.20 4.57
#> 184 10 1938 1.99 58.72 4.56
#> 185 10 1939 2.03 80.54 4.38
#> 186 10 1940 1.81 86.47 4.21
#> 187 10 1941 2.14 77.68 4.12
#> 188 10 1942 1.86 62.16 3.83
#> 189 10 1943 0.93 62.24 3.58
#> 190 10 1944 1.18 61.82 3.41
#> 191 10 1945 1.36 65.85 3.31
#> 192 10 1946 2.24 69.54 3.23
#> 193 10 1947 3.81 64.97 3.90
#> 194 10 1948 5.66 68.00 5.38
#> 195 10 1949 4.21 71.24 7.39
#> 196 10 1950 3.42 69.05 8.74
#> 197 10 1951 4.67 83.04 9.07
#> 198 10 1952 6.00 74.42 9.93
#> 199 10 1953 6.53 63.51 11.68
#> 200 10 1954 5.12 58.12 14.33
nrow(make.pbalanced(Grunfeld_missing_period))
#> [1] 200
nrow(make.pbalanced(Grunfeld_missing_period, balance.type = "shared.times"))
#> [1] 190
# more complex data:
# First, make data unbalanced (and non-consecutive)
# by deletion of 2nd time period (year 1936) for all individuals
# and more time periods for first individual only
Grunfeld_unbalanced <- Grunfeld[Grunfeld$year != 1936, ]
Grunfeld_unbalanced <- Grunfeld_unbalanced[-c(1,4), ]
pdim(Grunfeld_unbalanced)$balanced # FALSE
#> [1] FALSE
all(is.pconsecutive(Grunfeld_unbalanced)) # FALSE
#> [1] FALSE
g_bal <- make.pbalanced(Grunfeld_unbalanced)
pdim(g_bal)$balanced # TRUE
#> [1] TRUE
unique(g_bal$year) # all years but 1936
#> [1] 1935 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950
#> [16] 1951 1952 1953 1954
nrow(g_bal) # 190 rows
#> [1] 190
head(g_bal) # 1st individual: years 1935, 1939 are NA
#> firm year inv value capital
#> 1 1 1935 NA NA NA
#> 3 1 1937 410.6 5387.1 156.9
#> 4 1 1938 257.7 2792.2 209.2
#> 5 1 1939 NA NA NA
#> 6 1 1940 461.2 4643.9 207.2
#> 7 1 1941 512.0 4551.2 255.2
# NA in 1st, 3rd time period (years 1935, 1937) for first individual
Grunfeld_NA <- Grunfeld
Grunfeld_NA[c(1, 3), "year"] <- NA
g_bal_NA <- make.pbalanced(Grunfeld_NA)
head(g_bal_NA) # years 1935, 1937: NA for non-index vars
#> firm year inv value capital
#> 1 1 1935 NA NA NA
#> 2 1 1936 391.8 4661.7 52.6
#> 3 1 1937 NA NA NA
#> 4 1 1938 257.7 2792.2 209.2
#> 5 1 1939 330.8 4313.2 203.4
#> 6 1 1940 461.2 4643.9 207.2
nrow(g_bal_NA) # 200
#> [1] 200
# pdata.frame interface
pGrunfeld_missing_period <- pdata.frame(Grunfeld_missing_period)
make.pbalanced(Grunfeld_missing_period)
#> firm year inv value capital
#> 1 1 1935 317.60 3078.50 2.80
#> 2 1 1936 NA NA NA
#> 3 1 1937 410.60 5387.10 156.90
#> 4 1 1938 257.70 2792.20 209.20
#> 5 1 1939 330.80 4313.20 203.40
#> 6 1 1940 461.20 4643.90 207.20
#> 7 1 1941 512.00 4551.20 255.20
#> 8 1 1942 448.00 3244.10 303.70
#> 9 1 1943 499.60 4053.70 264.10
#> 10 1 1944 547.50 4379.30 201.60
#> 11 1 1945 561.20 4840.90 265.00
#> 12 1 1946 688.10 4900.90 402.20
#> 13 1 1947 568.90 3526.50 761.50
#> 14 1 1948 529.20 3254.70 922.40
#> 15 1 1949 555.10 3700.20 1020.10
#> 16 1 1950 642.90 3755.60 1099.00
#> 17 1 1951 755.90 4833.00 1207.70
#> 18 1 1952 891.20 4924.90 1430.50
#> 19 1 1953 1304.40 6241.70 1777.30
#> 20 1 1954 1486.70 5593.60 2226.30
#> 21 2 1935 209.90 1362.40 53.80
#> 22 2 1936 355.30 1807.10 50.50
#> 23 2 1937 469.90 2676.30 118.10
#> 24 2 1938 262.30 1801.90 260.20
#> 25 2 1939 230.40 1957.30 312.70
#> 26 2 1940 361.60 2202.90 254.20
#> 27 2 1941 472.80 2380.50 261.40
#> 28 2 1942 445.60 2168.60 298.70
#> 29 2 1943 361.60 1985.10 301.80
#> 30 2 1944 288.20 1813.90 279.10
#> 31 2 1945 258.70 1850.20 213.80
#> 32 2 1946 420.30 2067.70 132.60
#> 33 2 1947 420.50 1796.70 264.80
#> 34 2 1948 494.50 1625.80 306.90
#> 35 2 1949 405.10 1667.00 351.10
#> 36 2 1950 418.80 1677.40 357.80
#> 37 2 1951 588.20 2289.50 342.10
#> 38 2 1952 645.50 2159.40 444.20
#> 39 2 1953 641.00 2031.30 623.60
#> 40 2 1954 459.30 2115.50 669.70
#> 41 3 1935 33.10 1170.60 97.80
#> 42 3 1936 45.00 2015.80 104.40
#> 43 3 1937 77.20 2803.30 118.00
#> 44 3 1938 44.60 2039.70 156.20
#> 45 3 1939 48.10 2256.20 172.60
#> 46 3 1940 74.40 2132.20 186.60
#> 47 3 1941 113.00 1834.10 220.90
#> 48 3 1942 91.90 1588.00 287.80
#> 49 3 1943 61.30 1749.40 319.90
#> 50 3 1944 56.80 1687.20 321.30
#> 51 3 1945 93.60 2007.70 319.60
#> 52 3 1946 159.90 2208.30 346.00
#> 53 3 1947 147.20 1656.70 456.40
#> 54 3 1948 146.30 1604.40 543.40
#> 55 3 1949 98.30 1431.80 618.30
#> 56 3 1950 93.50 1610.50 647.40
#> 57 3 1951 135.20 1819.40 671.30
#> 58 3 1952 157.30 2079.70 726.10
#> 59 3 1953 179.50 2371.60 800.30
#> 60 3 1954 189.60 2759.90 888.90
#> 61 4 1935 40.29 417.50 10.50
#> 62 4 1936 72.76 837.80 10.20
#> 63 4 1937 66.26 883.90 34.70
#> 64 4 1938 51.60 437.90 51.80
#> 65 4 1939 52.41 679.70 64.30
#> 66 4 1940 69.41 727.80 67.10
#> 67 4 1941 68.35 643.60 75.20
#> 68 4 1942 46.80 410.90 71.40
#> 69 4 1943 47.40 588.40 67.10
#> 70 4 1944 59.57 698.40 60.50
#> 71 4 1945 88.78 846.40 54.60
#> 72 4 1946 74.12 893.80 84.80
#> 73 4 1947 62.68 579.00 96.80
#> 74 4 1948 89.36 694.60 110.20
#> 75 4 1949 78.98 590.30 147.40
#> 76 4 1950 100.66 693.50 163.20
#> 77 4 1951 160.62 809.00 203.50
#> 78 4 1952 145.00 727.00 290.60
#> 79 4 1953 174.93 1001.50 346.10
#> 80 4 1954 172.49 703.20 414.90
#> 81 5 1935 39.68 157.70 183.20
#> 82 5 1936 50.73 167.90 204.00
#> 83 5 1937 74.24 192.90 236.00
#> 84 5 1938 53.51 156.70 291.70
#> 85 5 1939 42.65 191.40 323.10
#> 86 5 1940 46.48 185.50 344.00
#> 87 5 1941 61.40 199.60 367.70
#> 88 5 1942 39.67 189.50 407.20
#> 89 5 1943 62.24 151.20 426.60
#> 90 5 1944 52.32 187.70 470.00
#> 91 5 1945 63.21 214.70 499.20
#> 92 5 1946 59.37 232.90 534.60
#> 93 5 1947 58.02 249.00 566.60
#> 94 5 1948 70.34 224.50 595.30
#> 95 5 1949 67.42 237.30 631.40
#> 96 5 1950 55.74 240.10 662.30
#> 97 5 1951 80.30 327.30 683.90
#> 98 5 1952 85.40 359.40 729.30
#> 99 5 1953 91.90 398.40 774.30
#> 100 5 1954 81.43 365.70 804.90
#> 101 6 1935 20.36 197.00 6.50
#> 102 6 1936 25.98 210.30 15.80
#> 103 6 1937 25.94 223.10 27.70
#> 104 6 1938 27.53 216.70 39.20
#> 105 6 1939 24.60 286.40 48.60
#> 106 6 1940 28.54 298.00 52.50
#> 107 6 1941 43.41 276.90 61.50
#> 108 6 1942 42.81 272.60 80.50
#> 109 6 1943 27.84 287.40 94.40
#> 110 6 1944 32.60 330.30 92.60
#> 111 6 1945 39.03 324.40 92.30
#> 112 6 1946 50.17 401.90 94.20
#> 113 6 1947 51.85 407.40 111.40
#> 114 6 1948 64.03 409.20 127.40
#> 115 6 1949 68.16 482.20 149.30
#> 116 6 1950 77.34 673.80 164.40
#> 117 6 1951 95.30 676.90 177.20
#> 118 6 1952 99.49 702.00 200.00
#> 119 6 1953 127.52 793.50 211.50
#> 120 6 1954 135.72 927.30 238.70
#> 121 7 1935 24.43 138.00 100.20
#> 122 7 1936 23.21 200.10 125.00
#> 123 7 1937 32.78 210.10 142.40
#> 124 7 1938 32.54 161.20 165.10
#> 125 7 1939 26.65 161.70 194.80
#> 126 7 1940 33.71 145.10 222.90
#> 127 7 1941 43.50 110.60 252.10
#> 128 7 1942 34.46 98.10 276.30
#> 129 7 1943 44.28 108.80 300.30
#> 130 7 1944 70.80 118.20 318.20
#> 131 7 1945 44.12 126.50 336.20
#> 132 7 1946 48.98 156.70 351.20
#> 133 7 1947 48.51 119.40 373.60
#> 134 7 1948 50.00 129.10 389.40
#> 135 7 1949 50.59 134.80 406.70
#> 136 7 1950 42.53 140.80 429.50
#> 137 7 1951 64.77 179.00 450.60
#> 138 7 1952 72.68 178.10 466.90
#> 139 7 1953 73.86 186.80 486.20
#> 140 7 1954 89.51 192.70 511.30
#> 141 8 1935 12.93 191.50 1.80
#> 142 8 1936 25.90 516.00 0.80
#> 143 8 1937 35.05 729.00 7.40
#> 144 8 1938 22.89 560.40 18.10
#> 145 8 1939 18.84 519.90 23.50
#> 146 8 1940 28.57 628.50 26.50
#> 147 8 1941 48.51 537.10 36.20
#> 148 8 1942 43.34 561.20 60.80
#> 149 8 1943 37.02 617.20 84.40
#> 150 8 1944 37.81 626.70 91.20
#> 151 8 1945 39.27 737.20 92.40
#> 152 8 1946 53.46 760.50 86.00
#> 153 8 1947 55.56 581.40 111.10
#> 154 8 1948 49.56 662.30 130.60
#> 155 8 1949 32.04 583.80 141.80
#> 156 8 1950 32.24 635.20 136.70
#> 157 8 1951 54.38 723.80 129.70
#> 158 8 1952 71.78 864.10 145.50
#> 159 8 1953 90.08 1193.50 174.80
#> 160 8 1954 68.60 1188.90 213.50
#> 161 9 1935 26.63 290.60 162.00
#> 162 9 1936 23.39 291.10 174.00
#> 163 9 1937 30.65 335.00 183.00
#> 164 9 1938 20.89 246.00 198.00
#> 165 9 1939 28.78 356.20 208.00
#> 166 9 1940 26.93 289.80 223.00
#> 167 9 1941 32.08 268.20 234.00
#> 168 9 1942 32.21 213.30 248.00
#> 169 9 1943 35.69 348.20 274.00
#> 170 9 1944 62.47 374.20 282.00
#> 171 9 1945 52.32 387.20 316.00
#> 172 9 1946 56.95 347.40 302.00
#> 173 9 1947 54.32 291.90 333.00
#> 174 9 1948 40.53 297.20 359.00
#> 175 9 1949 32.54 276.90 370.00
#> 176 9 1950 43.48 274.60 376.00
#> 177 9 1951 56.49 339.90 391.00
#> 178 9 1952 65.98 474.80 414.00
#> 179 9 1953 66.11 496.00 443.00
#> 180 9 1954 49.34 474.50 468.00
#> 181 10 1935 2.54 70.91 4.50
#> 182 10 1936 2.00 87.94 4.71
#> 183 10 1937 2.19 82.20 4.57
#> 184 10 1938 1.99 58.72 4.56
#> 185 10 1939 2.03 80.54 4.38
#> 186 10 1940 1.81 86.47 4.21
#> 187 10 1941 2.14 77.68 4.12
#> 188 10 1942 1.86 62.16 3.83
#> 189 10 1943 0.93 62.24 3.58
#> 190 10 1944 1.18 61.82 3.41
#> 191 10 1945 1.36 65.85 3.31
#> 192 10 1946 2.24 69.54 3.23
#> 193 10 1947 3.81 64.97 3.90
#> 194 10 1948 5.66 68.00 5.38
#> 195 10 1949 4.21 71.24 7.39
#> 196 10 1950 3.42 69.05 8.74
#> 197 10 1951 4.67 83.04 9.07
#> 198 10 1952 6.00 74.42 9.93
#> 199 10 1953 6.53 63.51 11.68
#> 200 10 1954 5.12 58.12 14.33
# pseries interface
make.pbalanced(pGrunfeld_missing_period$inv)
#> 1-1935 1-1936 1-1937 1-1938 1-1939 1-1940 1-1941 1-1942 1-1943 1-1944
#> 317.60 NA 410.60 257.70 330.80 461.20 512.00 448.00 499.60 547.50
#> 1-1945 1-1946 1-1947 1-1948 1-1949 1-1950 1-1951 1-1952 1-1953 1-1954
#> 561.20 688.10 568.90 529.20 555.10 642.90 755.90 891.20 1304.40 1486.70
#> 2-1935 2-1936 2-1937 2-1938 2-1939 2-1940 2-1941 2-1942 2-1943 2-1944
#> 209.90 355.30 469.90 262.30 230.40 361.60 472.80 445.60 361.60 288.20
#> 2-1945 2-1946 2-1947 2-1948 2-1949 2-1950 2-1951 2-1952 2-1953 2-1954
#> 258.70 420.30 420.50 494.50 405.10 418.80 588.20 645.50 641.00 459.30
#> 3-1935 3-1936 3-1937 3-1938 3-1939 3-1940 3-1941 3-1942 3-1943 3-1944
#> 33.10 45.00 77.20 44.60 48.10 74.40 113.00 91.90 61.30 56.80
#> 3-1945 3-1946 3-1947 3-1948 3-1949 3-1950 3-1951 3-1952 3-1953 3-1954
#> 93.60 159.90 147.20 146.30 98.30 93.50 135.20 157.30 179.50 189.60
#> 4-1935 4-1936 4-1937 4-1938 4-1939 4-1940 4-1941 4-1942 4-1943 4-1944
#> 40.29 72.76 66.26 51.60 52.41 69.41 68.35 46.80 47.40 59.57
#> 4-1945 4-1946 4-1947 4-1948 4-1949 4-1950 4-1951 4-1952 4-1953 4-1954
#> 88.78 74.12 62.68 89.36 78.98 100.66 160.62 145.00 174.93 172.49
#> 5-1935 5-1936 5-1937 5-1938 5-1939 5-1940 5-1941 5-1942 5-1943 5-1944
#> 39.68 50.73 74.24 53.51 42.65 46.48 61.40 39.67 62.24 52.32
#> 5-1945 5-1946 5-1947 5-1948 5-1949 5-1950 5-1951 5-1952 5-1953 5-1954
#> 63.21 59.37 58.02 70.34 67.42 55.74 80.30 85.40 91.90 81.43
#> 6-1935 6-1936 6-1937 6-1938 6-1939 6-1940 6-1941 6-1942 6-1943 6-1944
#> 20.36 25.98 25.94 27.53 24.60 28.54 43.41 42.81 27.84 32.60
#> 6-1945 6-1946 6-1947 6-1948 6-1949 6-1950 6-1951 6-1952 6-1953 6-1954
#> 39.03 50.17 51.85 64.03 68.16 77.34 95.30 99.49 127.52 135.72
#> 7-1935 7-1936 7-1937 7-1938 7-1939 7-1940 7-1941 7-1942 7-1943 7-1944
#> 24.43 23.21 32.78 32.54 26.65 33.71 43.50 34.46 44.28 70.80
#> 7-1945 7-1946 7-1947 7-1948 7-1949 7-1950 7-1951 7-1952 7-1953 7-1954
#> 44.12 48.98 48.51 50.00 50.59 42.53 64.77 72.68 73.86 89.51
#> 8-1935 8-1936 8-1937 8-1938 8-1939 8-1940 8-1941 8-1942 8-1943 8-1944
#> 12.93 25.90 35.05 22.89 18.84 28.57 48.51 43.34 37.02 37.81
#> 8-1945 8-1946 8-1947 8-1948 8-1949 8-1950 8-1951 8-1952 8-1953 8-1954
#> 39.27 53.46 55.56 49.56 32.04 32.24 54.38 71.78 90.08 68.60
#> 9-1935 9-1936 9-1937 9-1938 9-1939 9-1940 9-1941 9-1942 9-1943 9-1944
#> 26.63 23.39 30.65 20.89 28.78 26.93 32.08 32.21 35.69 62.47
#> 9-1945 9-1946 9-1947 9-1948 9-1949 9-1950 9-1951 9-1952 9-1953 9-1954
#> 52.32 56.95 54.32 40.53 32.54 43.48 56.49 65.98 66.11 49.34
#> 10-1935 10-1936 10-1937 10-1938 10-1939 10-1940 10-1941 10-1942 10-1943 10-1944
#> 2.54 2.00 2.19 1.99 2.03 1.81 2.14 1.86 0.93 1.18
#> 10-1945 10-1946 10-1947 10-1948 10-1949 10-1950 10-1951 10-1952 10-1953 10-1954
#> 1.36 2.24 3.81 5.66 4.21 3.42 4.67 6.00 6.53 5.12
# comparison to make.pconsecutive
g_consec <- make.pconsecutive(Grunfeld_unbalanced)
all(is.pconsecutive(g_consec)) # TRUE
#> [1] TRUE
pdim(g_consec)$balanced # FALSE
#> [1] FALSE
head(g_consec, 22) # 1st individual: no years 1935/6; 1939 is NA;
#> firm year inv value capital
#> 1 1 1937 410.6 5387.1 156.9
#> 2 1 1938 257.7 2792.2 209.2
#> 3 1 1939 NA NA NA
#> 4 1 1940 461.2 4643.9 207.2
#> 5 1 1941 512.0 4551.2 255.2
#> 6 1 1942 448.0 3244.1 303.7
#> 7 1 1943 499.6 4053.7 264.1
#> 8 1 1944 547.5 4379.3 201.6
#> 9 1 1945 561.2 4840.9 265.0
#> 10 1 1946 688.1 4900.9 402.2
#> 11 1 1947 568.9 3526.5 761.5
#> 12 1 1948 529.2 3254.7 922.4
#> 13 1 1949 555.1 3700.2 1020.1
#> 14 1 1950 642.9 3755.6 1099.0
#> 15 1 1951 755.9 4833.0 1207.7
#> 16 1 1952 891.2 4924.9 1430.5
#> 17 1 1953 1304.4 6241.7 1777.3
#> 18 1 1954 1486.7 5593.6 2226.3
#> 19 2 1935 209.9 1362.4 53.8
#> 20 2 1936 NA NA NA
#> 21 2 1937 469.9 2676.3 118.1
#> 22 2 1938 262.3 1801.9 260.2
# other indviduals: years 1935-1954, 1936 is NA
nrow(g_consec) # 198 rows
#> [1] 198
g_consec_bal <- make.pconsecutive(Grunfeld_unbalanced, balanced = TRUE)
all(is.pconsecutive(g_consec_bal)) # TRUE
#> [1] TRUE
pdim(g_consec_bal)$balanced # TRUE
#> [1] TRUE
head(g_consec_bal) # year 1936 is NA for all individuals
#> firm year inv value capital
#> 1 1 1935 NA NA NA
#> 2 1 1936 NA NA NA
#> 3 1 1937 410.6 5387.1 156.9
#> 4 1 1938 257.7 2792.2 209.2
#> 5 1 1939 NA NA NA
#> 6 1 1940 461.2 4643.9 207.2
nrow(g_consec_bal) # 200 rows
#> [1] 200
head(g_bal) # no year 1936 at all
#> firm year inv value capital
#> 1 1 1935 NA NA NA
#> 3 1 1937 410.6 5387.1 156.9
#> 4 1 1938 257.7 2792.2 209.2
#> 5 1 1939 NA NA NA
#> 6 1 1940 461.2 4643.9 207.2
#> 7 1 1941 512.0 4551.2 255.2
nrow(g_bal) # 190 rows
#> [1] 190